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Types of Anxiety Disorder Medication Medicines are a great option to treat anxiety-related symptoms. Psychologists are trained in the use and prescription of medications. They can prescribe the correct medication to minimize the adverse effects. Typical anxiety disorder treatment is three-pronged and includes psychotherapy, exercise and medications. SSRIs, the first option of medication to treat anxiety, can take up to several weeks to be effective. SSRIs SSRIs are the drug of choice for the majority of anxiety disorders. The more recent SSRIs are less likely to cause adverse reactions than older tricyclics and monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) or tricyclic antidepressants. Several SSRIs have been approved by the FDA to treat generalized anxiety disorder. These include fluoxetine (aka Prozac), paraxetine, (aka Paxil), and sertraline (aka Zoloft), as well as citalopram, (aka Celexa). These drugs boost serotonin levels in the brain and may also aid in the increase of norepinephrine levels and BDNF. They can be taken on their own or in combination with psychotherapy. SSRIs can cause side effects, like nausea and digestive problems However, these tend to improve as the body becomes used to the medication. The exact mechanism by which SSRIs help with anxiety is not fully understood. It is believed that SSRIs block serotonin reuptake by post-synaptic neuron and increase the amount of serotonin in the synaptic gaps. This increases the amount of signaling across the synapse and in turn decreases anxiety symptoms. SSRIs can help reduce anxiety and increase the frequency of panic attacks. They also aid in the treatment of depression and other mental health conditions that often co-occur with anxiety disorders. They can be utilized in conjunction with psychotherapy or other types of cognitive behavior therapy, which can improve their effectiveness. Contrary to other classes of antidepressants, SSRIs do not appear to be addictive. It is nevertheless important to follow the prescription of your doctor. If you discontinue your medication suddenly, this can cause “discontinuation syndrome” and a recurrence of anxiety-related symptoms. If SSRIs aren't for you, your doctor could try a different class of antidepressant, such as mirtazapine or nefazodone. These medications are also effective, but have more risk of having side effects than the newer SSRIs. SSRIs may interact with certain food items such as dairy products, eggs, red meat, as well as some fruits and vegetables. If you are taking these drugs it is a wise suggestion to avoid these food items. Additionally it is recommended that you do not drink alcohol while taking SSRIs as it may cause more severe adverse reactions. panic anxiety disorder enhance the calming effects of certain chemical substances within the nervous system and brain. They enhance the effects of the neurotransmitter gamma aminobutyric acids (GABA) which is a chemical that suppresses nerve activity. These medications can be very effective in treating anxiety, insomnia and other psychological disorders. They can be addictive and should be used only for a short time under medical supervision. Benzos are dangerous when used for recreational purposes or mixed with other drugs like alcohol. It is not uncommon for medications to be the first thing that people turn to when they suffer from an anxiety disorder however they're not the only treatment option. Psychotherapy, also known as talk therapy, has been shown to help reduce anxiety-related symptoms. There are a myriad of psychotherapies, but cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is the most popular and effective. This type of psychotherapy can teach you how to alter your thinking and behavior so that you don't feel stressed as much. The most common benzodiazepines are alprazolam (Xanax) and chlordiazepoxide (Librium) diazepam (Valium), clorazepate (Tranxene) as well as lorazepam (Ativan), and quazepam (Dalmane). Each has a unique set of adverse effects, but they all have similar pharmacological properties. For instance, clorazepate can be more effective in treating seizure disorders than other benzodiazepines, and lorazepam is better than quazepam. Benzodiazepines can be very effective, however they are not recommended for long-term use because they can cause physical dependence and tolerance. In addition, they can lead to withdrawal symptoms when you stop taking them abruptly for a short period of time, such as a pounding heart, sweating and shaking. Symptoms can be very uncomfortable and last for weeks, but they can be minimized by slowly tapering off the medication. Benzodiazepines are highly addictive and should be taken only for a short duration. Usually, no more than four weeks. You will need to monitor your blood pressure, heart rate and breathing closely during this time so that you do not have an extreme reaction. Speak to your doctor when you're considering taking a benzoodiazepine. Beta-blockers Beta-blockers can be employed to treat anxiety-related issues. These medications block adrenaline from binding to beta receptors in your nervous system, preventing the hormone from triggering physical responses like heart tremors and heart palpitations. These drugs are typically used to treat high blood pressure and other cardiovascular issues. However, they can be prescribed off-label to treat anxiety. When you feel anxious, your body releases a chemical known as Adrenaline. This chemical signals the body to prepare itself to fight or flee. Adrenaline binds beta receptors found in the heart and brain and causes your heart to beat faster and triggering other physical reactions. Beta-blockers are a class of medication used to treat hypertension and other heart-related conditions. They work by blocking adrenaline's binding. This can help lower the blood pressure and heart rate. Beta-blockers are quick to work, unlike SSRIs or benzodiazepines, which require weeks or even months to show a difference in symptoms. They are an excellent choice for people who require immediate relief from the symptoms of anxiety. For example, those who have to give an address to the public or travel in a plane. They are also a good option for people with anxiety and chronic heart issues like atherosclerosis or congestive cardiac failure. Beta-blockers may reduce physical symptoms of anxiety, but they do not address the root causes. They are only prescribed in conjunction with an overall treatment plan that includes lifestyle adjustments and counseling. However, disorders anxiety are a useful option for people who have tried other anti-anxiety drugs and have not found them to be effective or cause uncontrollable side effects. Propranolol, atenolol, as well as other beta-blockers are also available. Your doctor will determine the best beta-blocker for you depending on your medical background and current health condition. The use of these medicines can cause adverse effects, like low blood pressure or fatigue, so it is important to discuss your treatment options with your physician. MAOIs In the 1950s, monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) are effective antidepressants for some anxiety and depression disorders. However, they're not commonly used as often as SSRIs or other antidepressants due to the need for strict diet restrictions and the risk of drug interactions. Some MAOIs are in tablet form and can be taken orally, whereas others (such Emsam) are applied as a transdermal patch for skin. MAOIs block the action of MAO and increase the amount of norepinephrine as well as serotonin in the brain. These neurotransmitters play a role in sleep, mood, appetite, and sexual function. MAOIs have an anti-anxiety effect. However, they are more likely to cause adverse effects than TCAs and SSRIs and carry warnings in boxes for suicide. Your doctor may prescribe additional medicines or treatments to treat your symptoms in addition the MAOIs below. Beta-blockers, such as propranolol, is often prescribed to ease physical symptoms of anxiety. Your doctor may suggest relaxation techniques or other treatments at home to alleviate your symptoms. Iproniazid was the first MAOI discovered in 1952 during research on tuberculosis. It was quickly discovered to possess mood-enhancing properties and is considered the original antidepressant medication. MAOIs should only be used when other antidepressants are not working, since they can cause serious side-effects that require immediate medical attention. If you use an MAOI and consume foods containing the chemical tyramine that is found in a variety of red meats, cheeses, shellfish, fish, and some nutritional supplements, it could trigger an adverse reaction that can result in high blood pressure. This severe reaction could cause headache pain that is throbbing, nausea, vomiting and a fast heartbeat. MAOIs can also interact with other medications and trigger severe side effects, like suicidal thoughts and behaviors. Your doctor will discuss your diet needs with you before prescribing MAOIs. The doctor will advise you to avoid eating any foods containing tyramine while taking the drug. They might also provide you with a list of food that is safe to eat when taking MAOIs. This food guide can help you stay clear of MAOI-related side effects.